NAFOSTED provides funding for a number of national-level S&T tasks directly managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, including national S&T tasks and other S&T tasks assigned by the Minister of Science and Technology.

Since 2015, NAFOSTED has begun providing fund for national S&T tasks under the program on developing science and technology market by 2020 (approved in Decision No.2075/QD-TTg dated on November 08, 2013 by the Prime Minister). NAFOSTED has coordinated with National Agency for Technology Entrepreneurship and Commercialization Development to agree on the modalities and procedures for allocating funds to the projects under the program.